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The Federal Court of Appeal has overturned a lower court decision, reinstating the Canadian government's ban on single-use plastics. In a 2-1 decision, the court found that listing plastic manufactured items as toxic under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA) falls within Ottawa's constitutional authority to manage pollution under its criminal law power. This ruling reverses a November 2023 Federal Court decision that deemed the ban unconstitutional and an overreach into provincial jurisdiction. The judgment is a significant victory for the federal government's environmental agenda but may face a further appeal to the Supreme Court.