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The United States, Japan, and the Netherlands have finalized a landmark agreement to restrict exports of advanced semiconductor manufacturing technology to China. The coordinated effort aims to curb Beijing's ability to produce high-end chips for military and artificial intelligence applications. This trilateral pact, targeting key equipment from companies like ASML and Tokyo Electron, marks a significant escalation in the global tech rivalry. For Canada, the move creates complex challenges and opportunities, impacting its tech sector, supply chain resilience, and its delicate foreign policy balancing act between Washington and Beijing.