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Canada’s federal carbon pricing system remains a major point of contention, pitting Ottawa’s climate objectives against provincial claims of economic harm and jurisdictional overreach. While the Supreme Court upheld the policy in 2021 as a matter of national concern, premiers from provinces like Alberta and Saskatchewan continue to mount fierce opposition, citing affordability pressures on households and businesses. This ongoing battle highlights the fundamental tensions in Canadian federalism, with the policy's economic impact and its effectiveness in reducing emissions at the very centre of a heated national debate.