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The United States, Japan, and the Netherlands have formalized a landmark agreement to restrict exports of advanced semiconductor manufacturing technology to China. The pact, aimed at curbing Beijing's military modernization, targets key equipment from industry giants like ASML and Tokyo Electron. This coordinated move significantly tightens the chokehold on China's tech ambitions. For Canada, the agreement increases pressure to align with US policy, creating complex challenges for Canadian tech companies navigating the delicate balance between market access in China and strategic alliance with its North American partner and other G7 nations.